Calculating-machine



J. F. MAYS.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4, Ism.

51,309,535. Patented' July s, 1919.

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J. F. MAYS.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4, |917.

Patented July 8, 1919,

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I. F. IVIAYS.

CALCULAHNG MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4, 1911. 1,309,535, Patented July 8, 1919.

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JAMES F. MAYS, OF BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, ASSIGNOR TOv MAYS ACCOUNTING- MACHTNE COMPANY, NORTH CAROLINA.

OF LEXINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, A CORPORATION O-F CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Patented July 8, 1919.

Application led February 14, 1917. Serial No. 148,559.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES F. MAYs, a-citi zen of the United States, residing at Birmingham, in the county of Jefferson and- State of Alabama, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the-following is a' specification. y l

My invention relates to a calculating machine formechanically performing various computations.

One object of my invention is tov design av calculating machine `in which the keys, which drive the dials, may be simultaneously depressedin a number of columns or in all of the columns at the same time; both hands being available forthis purpose, in order to f expedite work while the` carrying function of the machine is performed with perfect accuracy and reliability. To this end, it is the purpose of my invention to hold back or restrain the carrying mechanism of the calculating machine until the adding mechanism has completed its driving stroke on the dials and then, and not until then, to release the carrying mechanism, into which energy has been gradually stored, and permit it to advance, or move u one point, each of the several dials due to e carried into as a result of the previous advancement of the adding dials. By holding back the carrying mechanism I cause each individual unit of it to act at the same instant of time and I arrange for this action to occur when the driving or adding mechanismr is at rest., My machine thus performs its adding function during the down stroke of the keys and its carrying function during the up stroke or interval of return or rest of the keys andtherefore all of the numerals of a figure to be added may v ing back the carrying, have been devised but they involve a considerable complication .of

parts and an increased expense of manufacture. as compared with my solution of the yand possesses a further additional value by reason of the fact that its special design is adapted for the incorporation therewith in a simple manner of an automatic stop for the carry overthrow of a means to lock the dial wheels when the mechanism is at rest.

My present invention, in fact, covers a compound carry mechanism, an overthrow stop, and a dial lock, and in respect of each of these characteristics it constitutes an important advance in the art of calculating machines, as trouble inrrespect of the same has been the chief cause of complex construction and inaccuracy of operation for such machines.

I employ as a preferred embodiment of my invention a rocker shaft transmission from the keys to the dial shafts and I provide a supplemental set of rocker shafts which controlthe mechanism for retarding overthrow.

The preferred mechanism for retarding the carry involves a compound or duplex es- A capement, one element of which is floating and drops in strict conformity to the movement ofthe carry mechanism, and the other element of which follows with a step ad- Vance when the up stroke of the keys unlocks it and this following escapement element locks the dials after permitting them the one step advance movement necessary to make the carry. The overthrow stops are arranged on the main and supplemental rocker shafts-so that they normallyinterlock, the key action being adapted to unlock these parts before engaging the main rocker shafts to move the dials.A

In my present invention I employ many of the features of construction and arrangement of parts embodied in my earlier patents. and particularly in Letters Patent No. 1,165,387, wherein is described the carry actuating mechanism which is employed in my present construction but instead of imparting the carrying movement directly to the dials as in the said Letters Patent, this movement is stored and limparted to the second element of thevduplex escapement which is adapted to have the carrying movement suspended in it until the completion of the di-l rect adding operation.

` part the requisite differential movement to the actuator as a result of a light and uni- Jform movement of the several keys in its respective column.

These and other advantages of my invention may be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein I have sought to illustrate only what I regard as the preferred embodiment of my invention, and in which Figure 1 is a partial vertical section from front to rear of the machine showing one column of keys in elevation and showing the dial operating mechanism controlled thereby partially in vertical cross section.

Fig. 2 is a detail view showing in front elevation both cam driven escapement elements of the carry mechanism.

Fig. 3 illustrates in rear elevation the lock pins in different operating positions for preventing the rebound of the dial rocker shafts.

Fig. 4 is a detail view, partly in section, showing the construction of the common rack key and the sector which it operates.

Fig. 5 is a detail view, partly in section, showing the construction of one of the higher denomination keys and the sectors operated by it.

Fig. 6 is a detail view of the bearing bracket for the mechanism for shifting the oscillatory bar.

Fig. 7 is a plan view with the keys removed and also omitting the transmission details of the carrying mechanism by show ing their respective staggered arrangement.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the ioating escapement wheel of the carry mechanism as taken .on the line 8 8 o' Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 shows in three diagrammatic views the relative movements of the fioating escapement wheel and the spring carrying gear pins.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of one of the double detent mechanisms which control the release of the spring element in which the carry is stored.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.

v The apparatus illustrated in the drawings as the preferred embodiment of my present invention, comprises a machine casing having a top 1, a back plate 2, an intermediate transverse vertical plate or partition 3 interposed between the banks of keys 4 on one side and the operating mechanism for the dials 5 on the other side, which dials are mounted upon shafts 6 journaled at their inner ends on a bearing bar 7 attached to the partition 3, and at their outer ends in a cross bar 8 made fast to the front end ofthe machine (not shown). Below the banks of keys is arranged a bottom guide plate 9 made fast to the plates 2 and 3 and provided with holes to receive and form a bottom guide for the lower ends of the key ste'ms which at the end of their down stroke engage the base plate 10 of the machine. These key stems are made of flattened metal strips having their lower portions within the casingtwisted at right angles and provided with rack teeth 11, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. These teeth 11 on each key are adapted to mesh with the teeth 12 of its respective toothed sector 13, one of which is made fast on each rocker shaft 14 opposite the 7, 8 and 9 keys of each column. The keys of -lower denomination than 7 in each column carry a lateral pin 15 which projects into an elongated slot 16 at the outer end of a lever 17, 17, 17, 17 c, 17 d, or 17, as the case may be, each of these levers projecting at their rear ends through suitable slots in the back plate 2 and having a pivotal bearing on pins 18 in a backv bracket 19 formed by pairs of angle plates which have lugs out-turned and made fast by screws 20 to the back plate. The several keys from 1 to 6 inclusive, in each column, are severally connected to a corresponding lever 17, 175, etc., and these several levers for each column of keys are arranged in two banks of three each, one bank being arranged to pass on one side of the column of keys and of a common rack key 21 and the other bank on the opposite side thereof. This rack key 21 carries a stepped cross bar 22 with oii'set shoulders of graduated height disposed to be engaged respectively by the levers 17, etc., and to be moved downwardly thereby for the predetermined distance, depending on the denomination uof the key depressed. The several levers have a variable stroke due to varying lengths and being pivoted at different distances from the common rack key 21 and this will bring the lower edges of the levers at different heights where they pass over the bar 22 for which reason it is desirable to shape the bar so that it will engage each lever. The operating connection thus provided between the key 21 and the levers can be made in other ways but that shown is ample to illustrate my purposes. It is intended that each key 4 shall have eX- actly the same length of down stroke but it will be obvious that the angular movement of its respective lever 17, 17a, etc., will depend upon the length of the lever and the distance of its pivot from the common rack key. In this manner I obtain very simply and effectively the differential dial driving movement Jfrom a uniform key movement.

'shaft 14 and serve to rotate the latter in the same manner as the teeth 11 on the key stems for the 7, 8, and 9 keys.

As illustrated in Fig.v 1, I employ coil springs 23 which are fastened to the top plate 1 and one of vwhich is connected to each key stem to effect its return after being depressed. For sake of clearness, in Fig. 1 I havel omitted all but one of such springs. The lower end of either rack bar 21 carries a spring seat 24 which bears against a coil spring 25 surrounding its stem and interposed between the seat 24 and the bottom 9, thus providing for the return of the common rack keys. The upper end of these rack keys are received in angled guide plates 26 which, are secured to the top plate 1 and extend down'into position to engage the upper end of each rack bar so as to guide it in all of its operating positions. Each of the key stems is provided. with a supplemental set of teeth 27 below and spaced from the teeth 11, and these teeth on each key are adapted to mesh with teeth 28 on a respective sector 29 made fast on a bottom rocker shaft 30 journaled in vthe plates 2 and 3. As a means for bringing the sectors 13 and 29 into toothed ,engagement with their respective key stems, I

provide pins 31 and 32 on each key stem and I provide each sector with an arm 33, it be: ing noted in4 Fig. 5-that the 4arm 33 of sector 29'stands in engagement with the lpin 32, whereas the arm of the sector 13 is in the path of, but is spaced substantially from its respective pin 31. `-The object of this is to cause each key stem as depressed to engage and impart a 4rocking movement to its respective lower rocker shaft' 30 in advance of engaging and rocking its respective rocker shaft 14 through which it drives its receptive dial. 'In other words, I provide what may be termed a lostmotion driving connection between the key stems and the dial operating rocker shafts 14 and with a positive drivingconnection to the lowerv or supplemental rocker shafts 30. The purpose of this will be understood by referencey to Fig. 3,-where it is seen that each corresponding pairv of rocker shafts 14 L* and 30 carry fast thereon co-acting lock pins 34 and 35 which are so disposed relatively that when a pair of shafts 14 and 30 are in initial position the lockpin 35 will engage under and set at right angles to the lock pin 34 (see the pins on the left hand shafts, Fig. 3). Thisposition of the lock pins positively locks the dial operating shafts 14 against movement andthe preliminary movement imparted by pin 32, arm 33 and' sector 29 to the rocker shaft 30, will rock the pin 35 to its upper dotted position, clearing the pin. 34 in Aadvance of the engagement of the key with the sectorv 13. After the pins are thus unlocked, both shafts are free to take the full movement imparted to them by the key depressed and on the return the pins will automatically resume their locked position, thus holding the dial' operating shafts 14 locked at all times except after the keys have been substantially depressed and prevent a rebound of the drive mechanism which imparts motion from the shafts 14 to the dials.

The dial driving mechanism comprises a toothed sector 36 made fast on the forward end of each shaft 14 beyond the plate 3 andmeshing with a pinion 37 which turns freely on shaft 6 and through a ratchet drive imparts a counterclockwise movement, as viewed from the front, to the ratchet wheel 38 fast on the shaft 6. The pinion 37 is returned to initial position with the sector 36 Vresponsive to the action of a coil spring 39 on the shaft 14l and it is to prevent a rebound from thisl return movement that the lock pins are provided. The counter-clockwise movement impartedy to the shaft 6 will advance the dial 5 proportionately with the value of the key depressed and in like manner the compound gear 40 is rotated, its teeth 41 meshing with a train of gears partially indicated by 42 which serve to wind and increase the tension of the spring of the carry mechanism of the dial of neXt higher denomination, all as more fully and exactly described in my Letters Patent No. 1,165,337. The other teeth 43 of the gear 40 mesh with a pinion 44 which drives a sleeve 45 upon which is mounted two cams 46 and 47. Thev sleeve and gear turn on a shaft v48 mounted on a cross bearing bar 49^made fast to the sides of the machine, and the cams, as seen in Fig. 2, are reversely set and are adapted to move 1n reverse direction, bell crank -levers 50 and 50which at their free ends carry pallets 51, these pallets having a lim ited play therein responsive each to a spring 52, all as more fully described inl my said Letters Patent. The bell cranks are ment. 1n Fig; 8 the operation of the pallets is more clearly shown and their function is to permit this floating wheel 56 to drop as soon as the cams reverse 'the position of the pallets 51, thereby releasing the lioating wheel for a one step advance. This advance is caused by the action of a coil spring 57 which is connected at one end to a pin 58 on the floating wheel 56 and at the other end to a pin 59 carried by the gear 60 forming part of the follow element of the escapement. Each escapement mechanism comprises .a pinion 61 which meshes with the gearing that transmits the carrying motion from the dial shaft of next lower denomination, this gear 61 is turned one tenth of a revolution as the adjacent shaft of lower denomination makes a complete turn. This gear 61 carries a pin 62 which projects through a slot 63 in the floating wheel 56 and has fast to it, and disposed between it and wheel 56, a main power spring 61 which is passed about the shaft 6 in a reverse direction to that of the spring 57 andis made fast to the pin 59 on the gear 60. This pin 59 also projects through a slot 65.in the wheel 56 of the same length as and diametrically opposite to the slot 63, the length vof these slots being just sufficient to permit a one step or '360 advance of the floating wheel 56 when it is released by its pallets 51 to respond to the action of the spring 57. The gear 60 is provided with ten teeth and carries a pawl 66 (Fig. 1), which co-acts with ratchet teeth 67on a gear 68 which is provided with ten teeth and made fast to the dial shaft 6. 'The gears 60 and 61 are mounted upon a sleeve 69 made fast in a cross bearing bar 7 O which has depending bearing extensions 71 for the trains of carrying gears 42. These sleeves 69 carry at one end a deep cut collar which fits in a seat in the bearing bar and is held in place b v top bars 72, and at its other end it has an upturned shoulder to hold the gear 60 in position. The bore through this sleeve is substantially greater than the dial shaft 6 which therefore turns free of contact therewith. rThe gear 60 has a hub flange inturned and butting against a thicker hub flange for the gear 61 and on this hub flange of the gear 6() T mount the floating wheel 56 which is held in position by its hub flange that runs between the wheel 60 and the hub flange of the wheel 61. This gives a close assembly of theJ several wheels of the compond carrying mechanism. The teeth on the gears 6() and 68 are set opposite each other and are adapted to be alternately engaged by a locking escapement pawl which is shown in side elevation in Fig. 2 and in plan in Fig. 10. This pawl comprises an upturned rocker arm 73 which engages a pawl rocking mechanism hereinafter described. At

its lower end this arm is bent to one side where it joins to a pawl which rocks on a vertically disposed center bearing 74 which is provided with a rigid detent 75, projecting to the right of its bearing and disposed in position to engage the teeth of the gear 60, and with an extension 76 projecting to the left of its bearing and having pivoted to its outer end a spring pressed detent 77 which yis normally held forward against' a stop pin 78 on the pawl, by means of a coil spring 79 connecting the detent 77 and the pawl. The pawl has a further extension to the left which is bent over at its outer end 80 to form a limit stop for the yielding movements of the detent 77. As seen in Fig. 2, the detent 77 in dotted lines is shown in its normal position relative to the pawl when not yielding to permit a carrying operation. The moment the pawl is rocked to disengage the detent from the gear 60, the latter is free to be moved by the tension of the spring 64E exerted on its pin 59 and will drop the length. of slot 65, which is equal to a one step advance. In taking this movement, by means of the pawl and ratchet connection 66, 67, the gear 68 will be driven with it but this movement of the gears 6() and 68 will be opposed by the yielding detent 77, which will, however, permit the gears to move until the detent 77 strikes its limit stop 80, which occurs after the gears have made one complete advance step and it thereupon locks the gears 60 and 68 and the dial against further* movement until the pawl is reversely rocked to cause the rigid detent 75 to move into position to lock the gear 60 when the detent 77 drops out of engagement with the gear 68 and is then drawn by its spring 79 to its dotted line position ready for the same operation to be repeated. The yielding detent 77 when snapped forward to its dotted line position, will bring its point into position to engage the next tooth on gear 68 when again rocked into operative position. The necessity for the ratchet connection between the gears 60 and 68 arises from the fact that the gear 68 revolves with the dial shaft 6 under the key stroke, whereas the gear 60 responds only to the carrying operation. l/Vhen the pawl is rocked to bring the rigid detent 75 into position to lock the gear 60, the same movement brings the yielding detent 77 into position to clear the teeth of the gear 68 and the latter is therefore free to revolve with' the dial shaft during the adding operation. The moment the adding operation is completed the yielding detent is shifted into its dotted line position, Fig. 2, and the rigid detent 75 is withdrawn to clear the gear 60 and the gears are then ready to perform the carrying function if such is due.

The mechanism for controlling the movements of the escapement locking pawl comprises cams 81 which .are made fast on the forward ends of the rocker `shafts `30 and are shaped as shown in `Fig.V 2, where it will be seen that they comprise a cam face 82 which merges into a bearing'face 83 con-centric with the shafts 30. The cam faces 82,

'- in the normal position to which the shafts 30 are retracted by coil springs 84, bring them in position to engage the rollers 85 `Which are rotatably mounted upon bearing pins 86 made fast to a common rocker shaft 87, which rocker shaft extends transverse across the machine under the bank of shafts 30 and is mounted in bearings 88 attached to the side plates. A coil spring 89 serves to return the shaft 87 to its normal position. An arm 90, made fast to the left hand` end of shaft 87 has connected to its outer end a pull bar 91 which extends upwardly and is connected to one end of a bell crank lever 92 which carries at its other end a curved.

toothed segment 93 and which is mounted to turn with a shaft 94 journaled in a bearing bracket 95 (Figs. 6 and 7). This bracket is connected to the sidewall of the machine. The toothed segment 93 meshes with a gear 96 mounted above it on a pinv 97 which turns in the bracket 95. The gear 96 carries a crank pin 98 to which is connected a pull bar 99 pivotally connected at its bther end to a bracket 100. This bracket 100 is connected to a reciprocatbry bar 101 that is mounted upon the several vertical arms 73 of the locking escapement pawl, these arms being disposed alternately on opposite sides thereof. The bar 101 is provided with laterally projecting pins 102 which rest in open notches 103 at the top of the arms 73 and 'is thus supported on these rocking arms .above the bearing .bar 49 and free of frictional engagement therewith. The pin 98 is so positioned relatively to the center of the gear 9,6 that in its initial position it stands on one side thereof and when the cams 81 rock the segment 93 the gearr 96 is caused to move through an arc of approximately.

180D, which brings the pin substantiallyon a dead center on the`other-side of the shaft 97. The advantage of thisis that' any pull exerted by reason of the action of the spring pressed gears 60 and 68 on vthe locking escapement paw'ls, will be transmitted through the connections described tol the bearing shafts 97 and will not be reflected as a pressure to be overcome onthe operation' of the keys 4 of the machine. In other words, the spring load on the reciprocatory bar is taken entirely by the bearing pin 97 and is thus kept `oil' of the keys.v This is an important arrangement for the purpose of preserving a light, freev key action of the machine.

` In order ,to limit the up stroke of the sev.

eral keys 4, the latter. are rovided with pins 104 which strike the un er side ofthe key, for instance the 5 key 1n the column of keys shown inFig. 1, the following op# erations take place in the order of their recital. The lever 17 d'is depressed, carrying with it the common rack key 21. The teeth 27 at the bottom of the key 4 engage the sector 29 on shaft 30 and rocks its lock pin 35 out of locking position with the pin 34 on the shaft 14, thus freeing the latter.' Before the shaft 14 is rotated the shaft 30 turns and by the action of its cam 82 on the roller 85, depresses the rocker shaft 87, pulls down on the arm 90, and through the pull bar 91,

1'1 on the rack 21 engage sector 13 and begin to rotate shaft 14, which through the gears'36, 37 andthe ratchet 38, will drive shaft 6 andwith it the dial and gear 68 through live steps. At the same time the gears 43 and 44 will be driving the cams 46 and 47 and winding, through the gears 42, the gear 61 of the carrying mechanism forthe dial of next higher denomination. The moment the key is released it is snapped to initial position by its spring 23, the common rack key is returned by its spring 25. The shafts 14 and 30 are returned by their respective springs 39 and 84 and the pins 34 and 35 immediately resume locked position. The gear 37 returns with the reversey movement of the .gears .36 which is permitted by its ratchetconnection 38 and thus the machine is ready for another operation. As the shaft 30 resumes initial position, the shaft 87 was free to bemoved upwardly by its spring 89, which would move arm and result, throughy the operating connections described, reversing the position lof the reciprocatory bar 101, thereby throwing out the rigid detents 75 which lock the gears 60 and set the spring detents 77 inrposition to catch and arrest the gears 60 and 68 in moving one step. If there is no carry to take effect into the carry mechanism shown, the gears 60 and 68 are held by the engagement of pin 59 lwith the floating wheel 56 see Fig. 8) and remain in'the position in which they were left, being also locked against rotation by the yielding detent 77, but if the dial shown is due to be carriedinto,l the cams 46 and 47 will have so positioned their respective bell crank pallet levers that the carrying gear 60 was held bythe rigid detent 7 5 until the down stroke was complete.

On completion of the down stroke and as the key returns upward, the rigid detent 75 releases the gear 60 which drops forward one step to follow up the floating wheel 56 and carries with it the gear 68, moving it4 against the resistance of the yielding detent 77, and thus turns the dial one step, making the carry. The train of gears 41 and 42 impart a movement of gear 61 on shaft 6 of next higher denomination of exactly one tenth of that made by lthe dial shaft holding the driving gear. This is for the purpose of keeping the rotating spring 64 in tension. Upon the release of the key the bar 101 shifts to the right to reverse the positions as above described of detents 75 and 77.

In Fig. 9 I have attempted diagrammatically to show the step by step follow up action of the two elements of the escapement, it being borne in mind that the upper pin 62 is rigid on the gear 61 which forms part of the driving portion of the carry mechanism, whereas the pin 59 is fast on the gear 60 forming part of the driven portion of the carry mechanism due to be restrained. In the left hand iigure the pin 62 has been advanced a full carrying travel to the right in slot 63. In the middle figure the cams 46 and 47 have acted on the pallets 51 to release the floating escapement wheel 56 and it has snapped forward responsive to the tension of the small spring 57 and will be held in this position by the pallets. The moment the gear 60 is unlocked the main spring will act to snap it to the left and. shift its pin 59 into engagement with the left hand end of slot 65, see final position, and in making this movement the gear 60 carries with it the gear G8 and the dial. The pin 62 is left at the left hand end of its slot 63 and therefore free to advance responsive to the drive from gears 41, 42 and 61.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a. calculating machine, dials, dial operating mechanism, and a Compound carrying mechanism coperating therewith and comprising a ioating holding member movabledirectly responsiveto the operation of the dial carried from and acting to partially effect the carry, an escapement follower for completing the carry, and key controlled means to restrain the operation of said follower until ythe said holding member has completed its-travel.,

2. In 'a calculating machine, dials, dial operating mechanisms, and compound carrying mechanism coperating therewith and comprising each a driving portion having a stop or holding member adapted to advance directly responsive to the movement of the dial operating mechanism being carried from and acting to partially effect the carry, a driven portion comprising a member adapted to follow step by step the movementv of said holding member, mechanism to complete the carry to the dial to be carried into, and ratchet mechanism for driving said dials, and key controlled means to restrain the operation of said follower until said holding member has completed its travel.

3. In a calculating machine,dials, keys, mechanism driven by the keys for moving the dials, carrying mechanisms comprising each a yieldable actuating element, and means controlled in common by any of the keys and common to a plurality of carrying mechanisms to restrain the actuating element of each carrying mechanism and thus delay the carry during the key driven motion of the dials. I

4. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, mechanism .driven by the keys for moving the dials, carrying mechanisms comprising each a spring actuating element, and means controlled in common by any one of the keys and common to a plurality of carrying mechanisms to restrain the spring actuating element and retard the carry during the key driven motion of the dials.

5. In a calculating machine, dials, columns of keys, key driven mechanism for moving the dials, carrying mechanisms comprising each a yieldable spring element, means common to a plurality of columns of keys and to a plurality of carrying mechanisms and responsive to the down stroke of the keys to restrain the yieldable element from imparting the carry to the dial to be carried into, said yieldable element being released by the up stroke of the actuated keys to complete the carrying operationysubstantially as described.

6. In a calculating machine, dials, columns of keys, key operated dial actuating mecha-nisms, carrying mechanisms for the dials, each of which includes a springpressed yieldable element, means movable responsive to the driving stroke of a key of any of said columnsto engage and restrain the yieldable element of all the carrying mechanisms until the driving stroke is completed, said yieldable elements when released being adapted to spring forward and complete the carry operation.

7. In a calculating machine, dials, columns of keys, key operateddial actuating mechanisms, carrying mechanisms for the dials, each of which includes a spring element on which the direct carry movement is stored, means movable responsive to the driving stroke of a key of any column to' engage and restrain the spring element of all the carrying mechanisms until the driving stroke of all the actuated keys is completed, said spring elements when released being adapted to spring forward and complete the carry operation.

8. In a calculating machine wherein the dials are directly driven by the keys, columns of keys, key actuating mechanisms, carrying mechanisms, each of which includes a spring-pressed yieldable transmission element, and a ratchet mechanism vdriven by said spring-pressed element When released to complete the carry, and a common restraining mechanism for said several yieldable elements operative responsive to the direct dial driven action of a key of any column and comprising means to restrain said yieldable elements throughout the dial driven actions of the keys.

9. In a calculating machine, dial operating mechanisms, compound carrying mechanisms co-acting With said dial operating mechanisms and each comprising a driving element and a floating stop element capable of advancing in response to the movement of the dial operating mechanism being carried from, a ratchet mechanism, and a spring connection to transmit motion from said drivingelement through the ratchet mechanism to the dial operating mechanism being carried into, and key controlled means cooperative With said floating stop element to predetermine the extent and limit the advance of said ratchet mechanism, substantially as described.

10. In a calculating machine, a carrying mechanism including an element rotated responsive to the movement of the dial of lower order, a spring-pressed floating escapement Wheel', escapement mechanism controlled bythe dial of lower order and acting to permit said Wheel toadvance step by step, ratchet Wheels, Ireans rigidly connecting one of the ratchet Wheels to its respective dial, spring means connecting the other ratchet Wheel to said first mentioned element, a key controlled compound rocking detent comprising a rigid stop adapted to act on the spring-pressed ratchet Wheel, and a yieldable stop adapted to act on the other ratchet Wheel and to yield suiciently to permit both ratchet Wheels to advance one step With its yielding motion, said stops being positioned to alternately engage their respective. ratchet Wheels, and means engaging the floating Wheel and limiting to a unit carrying movement the springpressed ratchet Wheel when released by its stop.

11. In a calculating machine, dials, key actuating mechanism to operate said dials, an oscillatorybar movable responsive to the key action of the machine, carrying mechanisms including each a yieldable intermediate spring tensioned element, mechanisms movable by said bar to lock and unlock said yieldable elements, and means to limit the 'stroke' of the yieldable elements When unlocked to that of` a single carrying movement, substantially as described.

12. In a calculating machine, keys, an oscillatory` bar movable responsive to the key action of the machine, carrying mechanism' each including an escapement mechanism which comprises a yieldable intermediate spring tensioned element, mechanisms movable by said bar to lock and unlock said yieldable elements, means t0 limit the stroke of the yieldable elements When unlocked to that of a single carrying movement and the key operated driving connections for said bar comprising a crank, and a rotatable element to Which the crank is connected and Which is adapted to advance the crank connection to substantially a dead center position When the bar is moved by the depression of a key into position to restrain the carrying movement of said yieldable elements.

13. In a calculating machine, key actuated dial operating mechanisms, key controlled mechanism to lock the dials against movement except during the driving action of said dial operating mechanisms, carrying mechanisms, means common to all the carrying mechanisms and controlled by any one of said dial operating mechanisms to restrain the functioning of the carry mech- Vdials to be carried into.

14. In a calculating machine, keys, dials,

' dial actuators operable by said keys, carry mechanisms comprising a spring-pressed yieldable element, supplemental actuators adapted to be driven by the keys in advance. of the dial operating actuators, mechanism common to all the carry mechanism controlled -by the supplemental actuators to cooperatevvvith said yieldable elements of the carry mechanisms and restrain the performance of the carrying functions until the completion of the key driven movement of the dials, and co-acting elements on the actuators controlled by each key which are disposed to assume position to lock the mainI actuator against rebound at the conclusion of the up stroke of the keys.

15. Inv a calculatingmachine, keys, two j rocker shafts actuated by each key, one being started in advance of the other, pins on said rocker shafts adapted to interlock when the shafts return to initial position and thus prevent a rebound movement of the dial operating shaft, `a dial operating mechanism driven by one shaft, and a carrying mechanism and a key restraining mechanism therefor actuated by the other shaft.

16. A calculating machine comprising a dial, mechanism actuated directly by the down stroke of a key for operating said dial, carrying mechanism comprising means responsive tothe down stroke Aof such key t0 partially eii'ect the carrying operation, and

columns of keys, carrying mechanisms for the respective dials, and mechanism operative by a key of any one of said columns and common to theseveral carrying mechanisms to time the operations of said carrying mechanisms.

18. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, actuating mechanism individual to each dial for operating the dials from the respective columns of keys, carrying mechanisms for the respective dials, and mechanism releasable by a key or any one of said columns and common to the several carrying mechanisms to simultaneously control the same.

19. In a calculating machine, dials, key actuated dial operating mechanism, and a compound carrying mechanism, comprising an escapement wheel capable of advancing directly in response to the operation of the dial carried from and operating on the movement of a key in one direction to predetermine and limit the Vextent of advance of the carrying mechanism, a second escapement Wheel, and means controlled by such key to cause advance of said second Wheel to the extent predetermined by said rst mentioned escapement wheel after such key is permitted to move in another direction.

20. In a, calculating machine, dials, key actuating dial operating mechanism, and a compound carrying mechanism comprising an escapement wheel capable of advancing directly in response to the operation of the dial carried from and operating only on the down stroke of va key to predetermine and limit the extent of advance of the carrying mechanism and a second escapement wheel controlled by such key and operating to advance to the extent determined by said irst named escapement Wheel only after the down stroke of such key is completed, said second escapement wheel then acting to complete the carrying operation.

21' In a calculating machine, dials, key actuated mechanism Jfor operating said dials, mechanism for carrying from a dial of one denomination to a dial of another denomination, said carrying mechanism comprising a double escapement having a rotatable stop member responsive to the action of a key corresponding to the dial to be carried from and acting on the movement of said key in a direction to impart travel to said dials, a follower associated with said stop member and having its movement limited thereby, mechanism to restrain the movement of said follower when a key is operated to rotate its corresponding dial and to release said follower to permit it to complete the carrying operation when the key is allowed to travel in a direction opposite to that in which it moves to operate its corresponding dial.

22. The combination in a calculating machine, of a series of numeral dials, individual driving mechanism for each dial and adapted to be operated simultaneously, keys for operating said driving mechanism, escapement mechanisms individual to the respective numeral dials and operable by said driving mechanisms to partly ell'ect the carry, escapement control mechanism common to all of said escapement mechanism, and supplementary mechanism`actuated by any one of said keys for operating said escapement control mechanism.

23. The combination in a calculating machine, of a series 'of numeral dials, individual driving mechanism for each dial and adapted to be operated simultaneously, keys for operating said driving mechanism, escapement mechanisms individual to the respective numeral dials and operable by said driving mechanisms to partly effect the carry, escapement control mechanism common to all of said escapement mechanism, and supplementary mechanism actuated by a key for any one of said dial driving mechanisms for operating said escapement control mechanism, said escapement control mechanism permitting a carrying movement into a plurality of said dials simultaneously.

24. In a calculating machine, a series of numeral dials, a series of escapement mechanisms coperatively associated therewith, and each comprising a floating wheel and a driving wheel, and a series of driving wheel controlled' detents adapted to act upon the entire series of driving wheels simultaneously and permit them to advance one step after each adding operation.

25. In a calculating machine, a series of numeral dials, a series of floating wheels adapted to move step by step responsive to the action of the dial carried from, a series of driving wheels adapted to move step by step responsive to the action of an escapement control mechanism comprising a series of detents each having a rigid stop, and a flexible stop, and each detent acting on both a numeral dial and a driving wheel, and a reciprocatory bar on which `all of said detents are mounted.

26. In a calculating machine, a series of numeral dials, a series of floating wheels adapted to move step by step responsive to the action of the dial carried from, a series of driving wheels adapted to move step by step responsive to the action of an escapement control mechanism comprising a series of detents each having a rigid sto said rigid stop acting to control the riving wheel, and a flexible stop acting to control a dial, a movable supporting member common to all of said detents, and key operated means to actuate said supporting member.

27. In a calculating machine,va series of numeral dials, a series of non-drivin floating escapement wheels, a series of riving wheels movable responsive to the action of .the numeral dial carried from and adapted nisms, each having a floating wheel and a driving wheel, and an escapement control/ mechanism adapted to act upon the entire series of driving wheels simultaneously but non-operative upon saidl floating wheels.

29. In a calculating machine, a series of numeral dials a series of key driven actuators for said dials, Acarrying mechanisms for said dials, each of which mechanisms includes a floating wheel and a driving wheel,

means responsive to the downward stroke or' any key to control the movement of the entire series of driving wheels simultaneously, until the downward stroke is completed, and then to permit the entire series of driving wheels to move forward one step, and an elastic stop individual to each driving wheel to limit said last-mentioned movement.

30. In a calculating machine having numeral dials directly driven by keys, numeral wheel operating mechanisms,` double wheeled escapement mechanisms concentric with the numeral dials, each of which in- 'cludes a floating wheel responsive to the movement of the`numeral dial carried from,

and a driving wheel, and key controlled means which, in ooperation with the float-.

rality of key actuated numeral dials, a recip-.

rocatory bar movable responsive to the key action of the machine but independent of the dial action, a series of escapements including each a spring-pressed l oating element and a springressed driving element, mechanisms movab e by said bar to unlock or lock the entire series of driving elements simultaneously, and means to limit the travel of the driving elements to thatof'a single carrying movement.

32. In a calculating machine, columns of keys, a series of numeral dials, dial? actuators operable by said keys, a series of escapement mechanisms each comprising a springpressed element, supplemental actuators adapted to be driven by theu keys in advance of the dial operating actuators, mechanism controlled by the supplemental actuator to unlock or lock the entire series of escapement mechanisms at the same instant of time, and co-acting elements on the actuators to lock the main actuator against rebound at the end of a stroke.

33. In a calculating machine having key actuated dials driven by the direct down stroke of the keys, a series of double wheeled escapements concentric each with one of said dials, each of said escapements comprising a 4floating-wheel, and a springdriven i driving wheel, the floating wheel moving forward one space for each dial to be carried into and operable by the down stroke, of a key, the driving wheel corresponding tosaid floating wheel and subsequently moving forward one step t0 follow the lloating wheel, said floating wheel having means to limit said movement of the follow wheel and hold it against the tension of its driving spring. 34. The combination with adding wheels relatively arrangedy for progressive registrations thereon, of carrying mechanisms comprising a floating escapement wheel and a driving escapement wheel rotatively con-v nected with a higher denomination wheel, a low tension spring applied to the floating wheel, and a high tension spring applied tov the driving wheel, and both springs tensioned by the lower denomination wheel.

, 35. The combination with adding wheels relatively arranged for progressive registrations thereon, of carrying mechanisms comprising a floating escapementvwheel and a driving escapement wheel rotatively connected with a higher denomination wheel, a low tension spring applied to the floating wheel, a high tension spring applied the driving wheel, both springs being tensioned by the lower denomination wheel, and a slot andv pin connection between the two wheels, the slot being applied tothe floating wheel and the pin to the driving wheel.

36. The combination with adding wheels relatively arrangedfor progressive registration thereon, of carrying mechanisms comprising a floating escapement wheel and a driving escapement wheel rotatively connected with a higher denomination wheel,v a low tension spring applied to the floating wheel, a high tension spring applied the driving wheel, both springs being ltensioned by thelower denomination -wheel, and a slot and pinl connection between the two wheels, the slot being applied to the floating Wheel and the pin to the drivingwheel, and the slot being adapted to move forward o ne tenthof a revolution in advance of the pin, and the pin being adapted to follow the slot with a one tenth revolution.

37. -The combination with adding wheels relatively arranged for progressive registrations thereon, of carrying mechanisms comprising a floating escapement wheel and a driving escapement wheel rotatively connected with a higher denomination wheel, a low tension spring applied t0 the oating wheel, a high tension spring applied to the driving wheel, both springs being tensioned by the lower denomination wheel, and a slot and pin connection between the two wheels, the slot being applied to the floating wheel and the pin to the driving wheel, and

-the slot being adapted to move forward one tenth of a revolution in advance of the pin, and the pin being adapted to follow the slot with a one tenth revolution, the two escapement wheels being interengaged for movement as one but the slot bearing wheel making its movement in advance of the pin bearing wheel.

38. In a calculator of the type wherein the dials are advanced on the down strokes of the keys, dials, dial operating mechanisms, iloating wheel escapement mechanisms adapted to advance in response to the advance of the dials carried Jfrom, power escapement mechanisms for carrying into the dials, the advance of the power escapement mechanisms being limited by the respective floating wheel escapement mechanisms, and means for holding the power escapement mechanisms against resistance to the key stroke. i

39. In a calculator of the type wherein the dials are advanced on the down strokes of the keys, dials, dial operating mechanism, primary escapement mechanisms for carrying into the dials, auxiliary escapement mechanisms adapted to advance in response to the advance of the dials carried from for predetermining and limiting the advancing movements of the primary escapement mechanisms, key controlled means common to a plurality of escapement mechanisms for timing the advancing movements of the .primary escapement mechanisms, and

means operative by said key controlled means Jfor holding the primary escapement mechanisms free of resistance to the operation of said key controlled means.

40. In a calculating machine, dials, operating mechanisms for advancing the dials, two escapement mechanisms cooperative with each other, one of which escapement mechanisms comprises a floating stop wheel adapted to advance step-by-step directly responsive to the movement of the dial carried from, al pawl coacting with said stop wheel to limit the extent of advance of the stop .wheel and then predetermine and limit the extent of advance of the other escapement mechanism, and the latter escapement mechanism comprising a spring-pressed follow wheel adapted to follow step-by-step the movement of said floating stop wheel,

and mechanism Jfor transferring movement from said follow wheel to its corresponding dial.

4:1. In a calculating machine, dials, actuating mechanisms or turning the dials, two cooperative escapement mechanisms, one of which comprises a non-driving stop wheel directly responsive to the movement of the dial carried from and a pair of pawls to alternately cooperate with said stop wheel to cause the same to advance one step before a carry movement can be imparted to the corresponding dial, and the other comprising a follow wheel for driving the dial to be carried into and which is held to a one step movement by means of the advanced non-driving sto wheel, and mechanism :tor holding the ollow wheel until the said non-driving stop wheel has reached its advanced position.

@12. In a calculating machine, keys, dials, mechanisms actuated by the keys for turning the dials, primary escapement wheels adapted to move step by step regularly to correspond with the Zero position of the dials carried Jfrom, secondary escapement wheels adapted to move step by step to follow the said primary wheels and which movements synchronize with the upstroke of the keys, and mechanism for transmitting a one-step movement from the secondary wheels to the dials to be carried into.

43. The combination of adding wheels, carrying mechanism comprising an auxiliary escapement wheel controlled by a lower denomination wheel and a driving wheel, and a plurality of oscillatory mechanisms adapted for simultaneous co-action on the driving wheels and the numeral wheels to permit them to advance one tenth of a revolution.

44. The combination of adding wheels, carrying mechanism comprising an auxiliary escapement wheel controlled by a lower denomination wheel and a driving wheel, and a plurality of oscillatory mechanisms adapted for simultaneous co-action on the driving wheels and the numeral wheels to permit them to advance one tenth of a revolution, and a connecting bar for compelling simultaneous oscillation of said mechanisms and means for holding the same against premature oscillation.

45. In a calculating machine, dials, actuating mechanism therefor, a plurality of banks of keys for operating said actuating mechanism, carrying mechanism for each dial, means common to all of said carrying mechanism for controlling the same, shafts one for each bank of keys and common to said control mechanism for operating the same, and operating connections betylvegin each bank of keys and its respective s a 46. In a calculating machine, dials, operating mechanism, and a carry mechanism for each dial compr1s1ng a stop member adapted to rotate in but one direction andv rotated one step during the actuation of the dial of lower order, and an element to operate one step as predetermined by said stop member to effect the carry and normally held against rotation by said member, andy means acting independently of said stop member for restrainlng the movement of said element during rotation of the dials by the operating mechanism.

47. In a calculating machine, the combination with dials, keys, dial operating mechanism operated by the keys, carry mechanisms, and means operated by said keys and common to a plurality of said carry mechanisms for controlling the carry mechanisms, the latter being adapted to exert a load on said means Which'is constructed to hold the load for the purpose of taking it olf of the eys.

48. In a calculating machine, the combination with dials, keys, operating mechanism operated by the keys, carry mechanisms, and means including a gear and crank pin operated by said keys for controlling the carry mechanisms, the latter being adapted to exert a load on said means Which load is held bythe gear and the crank pin to take it off the keys.

4:9. In a calculating machine, the combination With dials, key-s, operating mechanism operated by the keys, carry mechanisms, a pull bar controlled by the keys and common to a plurality of said carry mechanisms for restraining the operation of said carry mechanism Which exerts a load on the bar, and operating connections intermediate said bar and keys constructed to take the load off of said keys. A

50. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, operating mechanism operatedy by the keys, carry mechanism, a pull bar, detents operated by said bar and coperating With said carrying mechanisms which exert a load on the bar through the said detents, and operating connections between said keys and bar constructed to take-said-load off the keys,

51. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, dial operating mechanism operated bythe keys, carry mechanism, means coperating with said carry mechanisms which are adapted to exert a load on said means, connections intermediate said means and keys operated by said keys in advance ofthe operating mechanism and constructed to ta ze said load ofi' the keys.

52. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, dial'operating mechanism operated by the keys, carry mechanisms, a pull bar common to ating mechanism and constructed to takethe load off of the keys.

53. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, dial operating mechanism for the dials operated by the keys on the down stroke of the latter, carry mechanisms, means coperating With said carry mechanisms which are adapted to exert a force onsaid means, connections intermediate said means andkeys operated by the keys on their down stroke and -in advance of the operating mechanism and constructed to take said load oif the keys.

54. In a calculating machine, dials, keys, mechanism operated by the keys for operating said dials, carry mechanisms, means coperating with said carry mechanisms which exert a load on said means, connections including a gear and crank pin intermediate said means and keys operated by said keys in advance of the operating mechanism, the gear and crank pin being adapted to take the load oil the keys While the latter is operating said operating mechanism. v

55. In a calculating machine, dials, an actuator for each dial, a bank of operating keys for each actuator, a shaft carryingeach actuator, carry mechanism, datent means therefor, a shaft for each bank of keys for operating the detent means, and connections intermedlate the keys of each bank and the appropriate shaft whereby the shaft for operating the detent means is operated on the down stroke of the keys before the actuating shaft is operated on the doWn stroke of the keys.

56. In a calculating machine, dials, actuating mechanism for each dial, carry mechanism for each dial, detent means for said carry mechanisms, operating means for the det-ent means, a bank of keys for operating each actuating mechanism and saidoperating means upon the down stroke of the keys so that the operating means is operated in vadvance ofthe actuating mechanism, and an interlock between said actuating mechanism and operating means for locking the actuating mechanism against operation until the keys have operated the operating means.

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

JAMES F. MAYs.

Witnesses:

HERBERT J. JAooBI, J. CHARLES WALTER. 

